Leishmaniasis is a disease caused through the bites of infected female phlebotomine sandflies.  The disease manifests in three main forms:

1. Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: This is the most common form and results in skin sores, which can change in size and appearance over time. These sores typically develop weeks to months after the sandfly bite and can become ulcers.

2. Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis: This form is less common and can occur months to years after the initial cutaneous lesions have healed. It affects the mucous membranes of the nose, mouth, and throat, leading to severe disfigurement.

3. Visceral Leishmaniasis (Kala-azar): This is the most severe form of the disease and can be fatal if left untreated. It affects internal organs such as the spleen, liver, and bone marrow. Symptoms include fever, weight loss, enlargement of the spleen and liver, and anemia.

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Causes and Transmission

Leishmaniasis is caused by various species of Leishmania parasites. The parasites are transmitted by the bites of infected female sandflies, which become infected by feeding on infected animals or humans.

Symptoms

The symptoms of leishmaniasis vary depending on the form of the disease:

• Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: Skin sores or ulcers, usually painless, that can become infected with bacteria.
• Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis: Nasal congestion, nosebleeds, runny nose, and sores in the mouth and nose.
• Visceral Leishmaniasis: Fever, weight loss, enlargement of the spleen and liver, anemia, and weakness.